# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""reV-to-SAM econ interface module.
Wraps the NREL-PySAM lcoefcr and singleowner modules with
additional reV features.
"""
import logging
from copy import deepcopy
from warnings import warn
import numpy as np
import PySAM.Lcoefcr as PySamLCOE
import PySAM.Singleowner as PySamSingleOwner
from reV.handlers.outputs import Outputs
from reV.SAM.defaults import DefaultLCOE, DefaultSingleOwner
from reV.SAM.SAM import RevPySam
from reV.SAM.windbos import WindBos
from reV.utilities.exceptions import SAMExecutionError
from reV.utilities import ResourceMetaField
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
[docs]
class Economic(RevPySam):
"""Base class for SAM economic models."""
MODULE = None
def __init__(self, sam_sys_inputs, site_sys_inputs=None,
output_request='lcoe_fcr'):
"""Initialize a SAM economic model object.
Parameters
----------
sam_sys_inputs : dict
Site-agnostic SAM system model inputs arguments.
site_sys_inputs : dict
Optional set of site-specific SAM system inputs to complement the
site-agnostic inputs.
output_request : list | tuple | str
Requested SAM output(s) (e.g., 'ppa_price', 'lcoe_fcr').
"""
self._site = None
if isinstance(output_request, (list, tuple)):
self.output_request = output_request
else:
self.output_request = (output_request,)
super().__init__(meta=None, sam_sys_inputs=sam_sys_inputs,
site_sys_inputs=site_sys_inputs,
output_request=output_request)
@staticmethod
def _parse_sys_cap(site, inputs, site_df):
"""Find the system capacity variable in either inputs or df.
Parameters
----------
site : int
Site gid.
inputs : dict
Generic system inputs (not site-specific).
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Site-specific inputs table with index = site gid's
Returns
-------
sys_cap : int | float
System nameplate capacity in native units (SAM is kW).
"""
if ('system_capacity' not in inputs
and 'turbine_capacity' not in inputs
and 'system_capacity' not in site_df
and 'turbine_capacity' not in site_df):
raise SAMExecutionError('Input parameter "system_capacity" '
'or "turbine_capacity" '
'must be included in the SAM config '
'inputs or site-specific inputs in '
'order to calculate annual energy '
'yield for LCOE. Received the following '
'inputs, site_df:\n{}\n{}'
.format(inputs, site_df.head()))
if 'system_capacity' in inputs:
sys_cap = inputs['system_capacity']
elif 'turbine_capacity' in inputs:
sys_cap = inputs['turbine_capacity']
elif 'system_capacity' in site_df:
sys_cap = site_df.loc[site, 'system_capacity']
elif 'turbine_capacity' in site_df:
sys_cap = site_df.loc[site, 'turbine_capacity']
return sys_cap
@classmethod
def _get_annual_energy(cls, site, site_df, site_gids, cf_arr, inputs,
calc_aey):
"""Get the single-site cf and annual energy and add to site_df.
Parameters
----------
site : int
Site gid.
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Dataframe of site-specific input variables. Row index corresponds
to site number/gid (via df.loc not df.iloc), column labels are the
variable keys that will be passed forward as SAM parameters.
site_gids : list
List of all site gid values from the cf_file.
cf_arr : np.ndarray
Array of cf_mean values for all sites in the cf_file for the
given year.
inputs : dict
Dictionary of SAM input parameters.
calc_aey : bool
Flag to add annual_energy to df.
Returns
-------
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Same as input but with added labels "capacity_factor" and
"annual_energy" (latter is dependent on calc_aey flag).
"""
# get the index location of the site in question
isite = site_gids.index(site)
# calculate the capacity factor
cf = cf_arr[isite]
if cf > 1:
warn('Capacity factor > 1. Dividing by 100.')
cf /= 100
site_df.loc[site, 'capacity_factor'] = cf
# calculate the annual energy yield if not input;
if calc_aey:
# get the system capacity
sys_cap = cls._parse_sys_cap(site, inputs, site_df)
# Calc annual energy, mult by 8760 to convert kW to kWh
aey = sys_cap * cf * 8760
# add aey to site-specific inputs
site_df.loc[site, 'annual_energy'] = aey
return site_df
@staticmethod
def _get_cf_profiles(sites, cf_file, year):
"""Get the multi-site capacity factor time series profiles.
Parameters
----------
sites : list
List of all site GID's to get gen profiles for.
cf_file : str
reV generation capacity factor output file with path.
year : int | str | None
reV generation year to calculate econ for. Looks for cf_mean_{year}
or cf_profile_{year}. None will default to a non-year-specific cf
dataset (cf_mean, cf_profile).
Returns
-------
profiles : np.ndarray
2D array (time, n_sites) of all capacity factor profiles for all
the requested sites.
"""
# Retrieve the generation profile for single owner input
with Outputs(cf_file) as cfh:
# get the index location of the site in question
site_gids = list(cfh.get_meta_arr(ResourceMetaField.GID))
isites = [site_gids.index(s) for s in sites]
# look for the cf_profile dataset
if 'cf_profile' in cfh.datasets:
dset = 'cf_profile'
elif 'cf_profile-{}'.format(year) in cfh.datasets:
dset = 'cf_profile-{}'.format(year)
elif 'cf_profile_{}'.format(year) in cfh.datasets:
dset = 'cf_profile_{}'.format(year)
else:
msg = ('Could not find cf_profile values for '
'input to SingleOwner. Available datasets: {}'
.format(cfh.datasets))
logger.error(msg)
raise KeyError(msg)
profiles = cfh[dset, :, isites]
return profiles
@classmethod
def _make_gen_profile(cls, isite, site, profiles, site_df, inputs):
"""Get the single-site generation time series and add to inputs dict.
Parameters
----------
isite : int
Site index in the profiles array.
site : int
Site resource GID.
profiles : np.ndarray
2D array (time, n_sites) of all capacity factor profiles for all
the requested sites.
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Dataframe of site-specific input variables. Row index corresponds
to site number/gid (via df.loc not df.iloc), column labels are the
variable keys that will be passed forward as SAM parameters.
inputs : dict
Dictionary of SAM input parameters.
Returns
-------
inputs : dict
Dictionary of SAM input parameters with the generation profile
added.
"""
sys_cap = cls._parse_sys_cap(site, inputs, site_df)
inputs['gen'] = profiles[:, isite] * sys_cap
return inputs
[docs]
def ppa_price(self):
"""Get PPA price ($/MWh).
Native units are cents/kWh, mult by 10 for $/MWh.
"""
return self['ppa'] * 10
[docs]
def npv(self):
"""Get net present value (NPV) ($).
Native units are dollars.
"""
return self['project_return_aftertax_npv']
[docs]
def lcoe_fcr(self):
"""Get LCOE ($/MWh).
Native units are $/kWh, mult by 1000 for $/MWh.
"""
if 'lcoe_fcr' in self.outputs:
lcoe = self.outputs['lcoe_fcr']
else:
lcoe = self['lcoe_fcr'] * 1000
return lcoe
[docs]
def lcoe_nom(self):
"""Get nominal LCOE ($/MWh) (from PPA/SingleOwner model).
Native units are cents/kWh, mult by 10 for $/MWh.
"""
return self['lcoe_nom'] * 10
[docs]
def lcoe_real(self):
"""Get real LCOE ($/MWh) (from PPA/SingleOwner model).
Native units are cents/kWh, mult by 10 for $/MWh.
"""
return self['lcoe_real'] * 10
[docs]
def flip_actual_irr(self):
"""Get actual IRR (from PPA/SingleOwner model).
Native units are %.
"""
return self['flip_actual_irr']
[docs]
def gross_revenue(self):
"""Get cash flow total revenue (from PPA/SingleOwner model).
Native units are $.
"""
cf_tr = np.array(self['cf_total_revenue'], dtype=np.float32)
cf_tr = np.sum(cf_tr, axis=0)
return cf_tr
[docs]
def collect_outputs(self):
"""Collect SAM output_request, convert timeseries outputs to UTC, and
save outputs to self.outputs property.
"""
output_lookup = {'ppa_price': self.ppa_price,
'project_return_aftertax_npv': self.npv,
'lcoe_fcr': self.lcoe_fcr,
'lcoe_nom': self.lcoe_nom,
'lcoe_real': self.lcoe_real,
'flip_actual_irr': self.flip_actual_irr,
'gross_revenue': self.gross_revenue,
}
super().collect_outputs(output_lookup)
[docs]
@classmethod
def reV_run(cls, site, site_df, inputs, output_request):
"""Run the SAM econ model for a single site.
Parameters
----------
site : int
Site gid.
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Dataframe of site-specific input variables. Row index corresponds
to site number/gid (via df.loc not df.iloc), column labels are the
variable keys that will be passed forward as SAM parameters.
inputs : dict
Dictionary of SAM system input parameters.
output_request : list | tuple | str
Requested SAM output(s) (e.g., 'ppa_price', 'lcoe_fcr').
Returns
-------
sim.outputs : dict
Dictionary keyed by SAM variable names with SAM numerical results.
"""
# Create SAM econ instance and calculate requested output.
sim = cls(sam_sys_inputs=inputs,
site_sys_inputs=dict(site_df.loc[site, :]),
output_request=output_request)
sim._site = site
sim.assign_inputs()
sim.execute()
sim.collect_outputs()
return sim.outputs
[docs]
class LCOE(Economic):
"""SAM LCOE model.
"""
MODULE = 'lcoefcr'
PYSAM = PySamLCOE
def __init__(self, sam_sys_inputs, site_sys_inputs=None,
output_request=('lcoe_fcr',)):
"""Initialize a SAM LCOE economic model object."""
super().__init__(sam_sys_inputs, site_sys_inputs=site_sys_inputs,
output_request=output_request)
@staticmethod
def _parse_lcoe_inputs(site_df, cf_file, year):
"""Parse for non-site-specific LCOE inputs.
Parameters
----------
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Dataframe of site-specific input variables. Row index corresponds
to site number/gid (via df.loc not df.iloc), column labels are the
variable keys that will be passed forward as SAM parameters.
cf_file : str
reV generation capacity factor output file with path.
year : int | str | None
reV generation year to calculate econ for. Looks for cf_mean_{year}
or cf_profile_{year}. None will default to a non-year-specific cf
dataset (cf_mean, cf_profile).
Returns
-------
site_gids : list
List of all site gid values from the cf_file.
calc_aey : bool
Flag to require calculation of the annual energy yield before
running LCOE.
cf_arr : np.ndarray
Array of cf_mean values for all sites in the cf_file for the
given year.
"""
# get the cf_file meta data gid's to use as indexing tools
with Outputs(cf_file) as cfh:
site_gids = list(cfh.meta[ResourceMetaField.GID])
calc_aey = False
if 'annual_energy' not in site_df:
# annual energy yield has not been input, flag to calculate
site_df.loc[:, 'annual_energy'] = np.nan
calc_aey = True
# make sure capacity factor is present in site-specific data
if 'capacity_factor' not in site_df:
site_df.loc[:, 'capacity_factor'] = np.nan
# pull all cf mean values for LCOE calc
with Outputs(cf_file) as cfh:
if 'cf_mean' in cfh.datasets:
cf_arr = cfh['cf_mean']
elif 'cf_mean-{}'.format(year) in cfh.datasets:
cf_arr = cfh['cf_mean-{}'.format(year)]
elif 'cf_mean_{}'.format(year) in cfh.datasets:
cf_arr = cfh['cf_mean_{}'.format(year)]
elif 'cf' in cfh.datasets:
cf_arr = cfh['cf']
else:
raise KeyError('Could not find cf_mean values for LCOE. '
'Available datasets: {}'.format(cfh.datasets))
return site_gids, calc_aey, cf_arr
[docs]
@staticmethod
def default():
"""Get the executed default pysam LCOE FCR object.
Returns
-------
PySAM.Lcoefcr
"""
return DefaultLCOE.default()
[docs]
@classmethod
def reV_run(cls, points_control, site_df, cf_file, year,
output_request=('lcoe_fcr',)):
"""Execute SAM LCOE simulations based on a reV points control instance.
Parameters
----------
points_control : config.PointsControl
PointsControl instance containing project points site and SAM
config info.
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Dataframe of site-specific input variables. Row index corresponds
to site number/gid (via df.loc not df.iloc), column labels are the
variable keys that will be passed forward as SAM parameters.
cf_file : str
reV generation capacity factor output file with path.
year : int | str | None
reV generation year to calculate econ for. Looks for cf_mean_{year}
or cf_profile_{year}. None will default to a non-year-specific cf
dataset (cf_mean, cf_profile).
output_request : list | tuple | str
Output(s) to retrieve from SAM.
Returns
-------
out : dict
Nested dictionaries where the top level key is the site index,
the second level key is the variable name, second level value is
the output variable value.
"""
out = {}
site_gids, calc_aey, cf_arr = cls._parse_lcoe_inputs(site_df, cf_file,
year)
for site in points_control.sites:
# get SAM inputs from project_points based on the current site
_, inputs = points_control.project_points[site]
site_df = cls._get_annual_energy(site, site_df, site_gids, cf_arr,
inputs, calc_aey)
out[site] = super().reV_run(site, site_df, inputs, output_request)
return out
[docs]
class SingleOwner(Economic):
"""SAM single owner economic model.
"""
MODULE = 'singleowner'
PYSAM = PySamSingleOwner
def __init__(self, sam_sys_inputs, site_sys_inputs=None,
output_request=('ppa_price',)):
"""Initialize a SAM single owner economic model object.
"""
super().__init__(sam_sys_inputs, site_sys_inputs=site_sys_inputs,
output_request=output_request)
# run balance of system cost model if required
self.sam_sys_inputs, self.windbos_outputs = \
self._windbos(self.sam_sys_inputs)
@staticmethod
def _windbos(inputs):
"""Run SAM Wind Balance of System cost model if requested.
Parameters
----------
inputs : dict
Dictionary of SAM key-value pair inputs.
"total_installed_cost": "windbos" will trigger the windbos method.
Returns
-------
inputs : dict
Dictionary of SAM key-value pair inputs with the total installed
cost replaced with WindBOS values if requested.
output : dict
Dictionary of windbos cost breakdowns.
"""
outputs = {}
if (inputs is not None
and 'total_installed_cost' in inputs
and isinstance(inputs['total_installed_cost'], str)
and inputs['total_installed_cost'].lower() == 'windbos'):
wb = WindBos(inputs)
inputs['total_installed_cost'] = wb.total_installed_cost
outputs = wb.output
return inputs, outputs
[docs]
@staticmethod
def default():
"""Get the executed default pysam Single Owner object.
Returns
-------
PySAM.Singleowner
"""
return DefaultSingleOwner.default()
[docs]
def collect_outputs(self):
"""Collect SAM output_request, convert timeseries outputs to UTC, and
save outputs to self.outputs property. This includes windbos outputs.
"""
windbos_out_vars = [v for v in self.output_request
if v in self.windbos_outputs]
self.output_request = [v for v in self.output_request
if v not in windbos_out_vars]
super().collect_outputs()
windbos_results = {}
for request in windbos_out_vars:
windbos_results[request] = self.windbos_outputs[request]
self.outputs.update(windbos_results)
[docs]
@classmethod
def reV_run(cls, points_control, site_df, cf_file, year,
output_request=('ppa_price',)):
"""Execute SAM SingleOwner simulations based on reV points control.
Parameters
----------
points_control : config.PointsControl
PointsControl instance containing project points site and SAM
config info.
site_df : pd.DataFrame
Dataframe of site-specific input variables. Row index corresponds
to site number/gid (via df.loc not df.iloc), column labels are the
variable keys that will be passed forward as SAM parameters.
cf_file : str
reV generation capacity factor output file with path.
year : int | str | None
reV generation year to calculate econ for. Looks for cf_mean_{year}
or cf_profile_{year}. None will default to a non-year-specific cf
dataset (cf_mean, cf_profile).
output_request : list | tuple | str
Output(s) to retrieve from SAM.
Returns
-------
out : dict
Nested dictionaries where the top level key is the site index,
the second level key is the variable name, second level value is
the output variable value.
"""
out = {}
profiles = cls._get_cf_profiles(points_control.sites, cf_file, year)
for i, site in enumerate(points_control.sites):
# get SAM inputs from project_points based on the current site
_, inputs = points_control.project_points[site]
# ensure that site-specific data is not persisted to other sites
site_inputs = deepcopy(inputs)
# set the generation profile as an input.
site_inputs = cls._make_gen_profile(i, site, profiles, site_df,
site_inputs)
out[site] = super().reV_run(site, site_df, site_inputs,
output_request)
return out