# ReEDS publications ```{dropdown-color} 2025 :open: Bistline et al. 2025. [Impacts of EPA’s finalized power plant greenhouse gas standards](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt5665). _Science_ 387, 140-143. Bistline et al. 2025. “[Policy implications of net-zero emissions: a multi-model analysis of United States emissions and energy system impacts](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2666278725000182).” _Energy and Climate Change_ 100191. Brown, M.; Awara, S.; Ntiamoah J.; Yuan, M. 2025. "[Distributional impacts of technology pathways for US power sector transformation](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261925002302)." _Applied Energy_, 388, 125500. Brown, P.R.; Cole, W.J.; Mai, T. 2024. “[An interregional optimization approach for time series aggregation in continent-scale electricity system models](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225014720?via%3Dihub).” _Energy_, 324, 135830. Douville, T. et al. 2025. [_West Coast Offshore Wind Transmission Study_](https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2500279/). NREL/TP-6A40-92512, PNNL-37067. Gagnon, Pieter, Pedro Andres Sanchez Perez, Julian Florez, James Morris, Marck Llerena Velasquez, and Jordan Eisenman. 2025. [Cambium 2024 Scenario Descriptions and Documentation](https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy25osti/93005.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP- 6A40-93005. Mai, T.; A. Lopez; M. Marquis; M. Gleason; A. Hamilton; W. Trainor-Guitton; J. Ho; S. Sharma. 2025. [_Land of Opportunity: Potential for Renewable Energy on Federal Lands_](https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy25osti/91848.pdf). NREL/TP-6A40-91848. Schleifer, A. H., Cohen, S. M., Cole, W., Denholm, P., & Blair, N. (2025). [Exploring the Future Energy Value of Long-Duration Energy Storage](https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071751). _Energies_, 18(7), 1751. Serpe, L.; Cole, W.; Sergi, B.; Brown, M;, Carag, V.; Karmakar, A. 2025. "[The importance of spatial resolution in large-scale, long-term planning models](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261925002648)." _Applied Energy_, 385, 125534 ``` ```{dropdown-color} 2024 :animate: fade-in-slide-down Brinkman, G., Bannister, M., Bredenkamp, S., Carveth, L., Corbus, D., Green, R., Lavin, L., Lopez, A., Marquis, M., Mowers, J., Mowers, M., Rese, L., Roberts, B., Rose, A., Shah, S., Sharma, P., Sun, H., Wang, B., Vyakaranam, B., Royer, P. 2024. “[Atlantic Offshore Wind Transmission Study](https://www.nrel.gov/wind/atlantic-offshore-wind-transmission-study).” U.S. Department of Energy. Brown, P. R., Williams, T., Brown, M. L., & Murphy, C. 2024. “[System-Cost-Minimizing Deployment of PV-Wind Hybrids in Low-Carbon U.S. Power Systems](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924005348?via%3Dihub).” _Applied Energy_, 365, 123151. Diffendorfer, Jay E., Brian Sergi, Anthony Lopez, Travis Williams, Michael Gleason, Zach Ancona, and Wesley Cole. 2024. “[The Interplay of Future Solar Energy, Land Cover Change, and Their Projected Impacts on Natural Lands and Croplands in the U.S](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173872).” _Science of The Total Environment_, June, 173872. Eberle, A.; T. Mai; J.O. Roberts; T. Williams; P. Pinchuk; A. Lopez; M. Mowers; J. Mowers; T. Stehly; E. Lantz. 2024. “[Incorporating Wind Turbine Choice in High Resolution Geospatial Supply Curve and Capacity Expansion Models](https://doi.org/10.2172/2283923).” NREL-TP/6A20-87161. Gagnon, Pieter, An Pham, Wesley Cole, Anne Hamilton, Sarah Awara, Anne Barlas, Maxwell Brown, et al. 2024. [_2024 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy25osti/92256.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-92256. Joshi, P., Inskeep, S., & Chernyakhovskiy, I. 2024. “[Impacts of Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen Policies on Uttar Pradesh's Power Sector Future](https://doi.org/10.2172/2367304).” Kahrl, F., Jorgenson, J., Kim, J. H., Kiboma, L., Millstein, D., Frick, N. M., Sergi, B., & Mims Frick, N. (2024). [_Solar and Storage Integration in the Southeastern United States: Economics, Reliability, and Operations_](https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/solar-and-storage-integration). Kahrl, F., Jorgenson, J., Kim, J. H., Kiboma, L., Millstein, D., Frick, N. M., & Sergi, B. (2024). [_Solar and Wind Forecast Error Reserve Sharing in a Multi-Utility Region_](https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/solar-and-wind-forecast-error). Karmakar, Akash, and Wesley Cole. 2024. “[Nodal Capacity Expansion Modeling With ReEDS: A Case Study of the RTS-GMLC Test System](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/87870.pdf).” NREL/TP-6A40-87870. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Sergi, B., Avraam, C., Cakir Erdener, B., & Kuna, J. (2024). [_Evaluating Transmission’s Role in Resource Adequacy_](https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/90617.pdf). National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Sergi, B., Brown, P., & Cole, W. (2024). “[Transmission interface limits for high-spatial resolution capacity expansion modeling](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10688700)”. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. U.S. Department of Energy, Grid Deployment Office. 2024. [The National Transmission Planning Study](https://www.energy.gov/gdo/national-transmission-planning-study). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. Wiser, R.; A. Brooks; P. Donohoo-Vallett; G. Oskar; J. Frost; P. Brown; T. Mai. 2024. [_Transmission Impact Assessment: Power Sector Infrastructure Deployment to Reduce Costs, Improve Reliability, and Lower Pollution_](https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-10/DOE_OP_2024_Report-Transmission_Impact_Assessment.pdf). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. ``` ```{dropdown-color} 2023 :animate: fade-in-slide-down Beiter, P., Mai, T., Mowers, M., & Bistline, J. 2023. “[Expanded Modelling Scenarios to Understand the Role of Offshore Wind in Decarbonizing the United States](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01364-y).” _Nature Energy_, 8, 1240-1249. Bistline, J. E. T., Brown, M., Domeshek, M., Marcy, C., Roy, N., Blanford, G., Burtraw, D., Farbes, J., Fawcett, A., Hamilton, A., Jenkins, J., Jones, R., King, B., Kolus, H., Larsen, J., Levin, A., Mahajan, M., Mayfield, E., McFarland, J., Zhao, A. 2023. “[Power Sector Impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022](https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0d3b).” _Environmental Research Letters_, 19(1), 014013. Gagnon, P.; A. Pham; W. Cole et al. 2024. [2023 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/87724.pdf). NREL/TP-6A40-87724. Gurgel, A., Mignone, B. K., Morris, J., Kheshgi, H., Mowers, M., Steinberg, D., Herzog, H., & Paltsev, S. 2023. “[Variable Renewable Energy Deployment in Low-Emission Scenarios: The Role of Technology Cost and Value](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121119).” _Applied Energy_, 344, 121119. Ruth, Mark F., Paige N. Jadun, and Wesley Cole. 2023. “[Potential Availability of and Supply Curves for Low-Cost, Dispatch-Constrained Electricity](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85216.pdf).” NREL/TP-5C00-85216. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Zhou, Ella, Amgad Elgowainy, Andre Fernandes Tomon Avelino, Kwang Hoon Baek, Wesley Cole, Garvin Heath, Yijin Li, Weijia Liu, Vikram Ravi, Pingping Sun, Jiazi Zhang. 2023. "[Markets, Resources, and Environmental and Energy Justice (MarkeRs-EEJ)](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85324.pdf)." Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/PR-6A40-85324. Cole, Wesley, Paul Denholm, Vincent Carag, Will Frazier. 2023. "[The peaking potential of long-duration energy storage in the United States power system](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.106932)." _Journal of Energy Storage_ Volume 62. Cole, Wesley, Adithya Antonysamy, Patrick Brown, Brian Sergi, Trieu Mai, Paul Denholm. 2023. "[How much might it cost to decarbonize the power sector? It depends on the metric](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127608)." _Energy_ Volume 276. Bistline, John, Shannon Bragg-Sitton, Wesley Cole, Brent Dixon, Erich Eschmann, Jonathan Ho, Augustine Kwon, Laura Martin, Caitlin Murphy, Christopher Namovicz, Andrew Sowder. 2023. "[Modeling nuclear energy's future role in decarbonized energy systems](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.105952)." _iScience_ Volume 26 (Issue 2). Murphy, Caitlin, Wesley Cole, John Bistline, Shannon Bragg-Sitton, Brent Dixon, Erich Eschmann, Jonathan Ho, Augustine Kwon, Laura Martin, Christopher Namovicz, and Andrew Sowder. 2023. [Nuclear Power's Future Role in a Decarbonized U.S. Electricity System](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/84451.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-84451. Steinberg, Daniel C., Maxwell Brown, Ryan Wiser, Paul Donohoo-Vallett, Pieter Gagnon, Anne Hamilton, Matthew Mowers, Caitlin Murphy, and Ashreeta Prasana. 2023. [Evaluating Impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law on the U.S. Power System](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85242.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-85242. John Bistline et al. 2023. "[Emissions and energy impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg3781)." _Science_ Volume 380. Morgan Browning, James McFarland, John Bistline, Gale Boyd, Matteo Muratori, Matthew Binsted, Chioke Harris, Trieu Mai, Geoff Blanford, Jae Edmonds, Allen A Fawcett, Ozge Kaplan, John Weyant. 2023. "[Net-zero CO2 by 2050 scenarios for the United States in the Energy Modeling Forum 37 study](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666278723000119)." _Energy and Climate Change_. Volume 4. ```` ```{dropdown-color} 2022 :animate: fade-in-slide-down Paul Denholm, Patrick Brown, Wesley Cole, Trieu Mai, Brian Sergi, Maxwell Brown, Paige Jadun, Jonathan Ho, Jack Mayernik, Colin McMillan, and Ragini Sreenath. 2022. [_Examining Supply-Side Options to Achieve 100% Clean Electricity by 2035_](https://doi.org/10.2172/1885591). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP- 6A40-81644. Joshi, Prateek, Amy Rose, and Ilya Chernyakhovskiy. 2022. [_Role of Renewable Energy, Storage, and Demand Response in Karnataka's Power Sector Future_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/83397.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-83463. O'Shaughnessy, Eric, Kristen Ardani, Paul Denholm, Trieu Mai, Timothy Silverman, Jarett Zuboy, and Robert Margolis. 2022. "[Policy-driven solar innovation and deployment remains critical for U.S. grid decarbonization](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.07.012)." _Joule_ Volume 6 (Issue 9): Page 1965-1968. Mai, Trieu, Matt Mowers, Philipp Beiter, Anthony Lopez, and Patrick Brown. 2022. "[The Determinants of Offshore Wind's Role in a Future U.S. Energy System: A Preliminary Modeling Sensitivity Analysis](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/82101.pdf)." NREL/PR-6A40-82101. Mowers, Matthew, Bryan Mignone, and Daniel Steinberg. 2022. "[Quantifying value and representing competitiveness of electricity system technologies in economic models](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120132)." _Applied Energy_ Volume 329. Sergi, Brian, Greg Brinkman, Michael Emmanuel, Omar J. Guerra, Daniel Steinberg, and Bri-Mathias Hodge. 2022. [_Duke Energy Carbon-Free Resource Integration Study_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/82431.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-82431. Chernyakhovskiy, Ilya, Mohit Joshi, Sika Gadzanku, Sarah Inskeep, and Amy Rose. 2022. [_Opportunities for Renewable Energy, Storage, Vehicle Electrification, and Demand Response in Rajasthan's Power Sector_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/83240.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-83240. Schleifer, Anna, Caitlin Murphy, Wesley Cole, and Paul Denholm. 2022 "[Exploring the design space of utility-scale PV-plus-battery system configurations under evolving grid conditions](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118339)." _Applied Energy_ Volume 308. J Bistline, A Sowder, S Bragg-Sitton, B Dixon, Wesley Cole, Jonathan Ho, Caitlin Murphy, A Kwon, L Martin, C Namovicz, and E Eschmann. 2022. [_Nuclear Energy in Long-Term System Models: A Multi-Model Perspective_](https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002023697). Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute.TP#3002023698. Murphy, Caitlin, Patrick Brown, and Vincent Carag. 2022. [_The Roles and Impacts of PV-Battery Hybrids in a Decarbonized U.S. Electricity Supply_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/82046.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-82046. Brown, Patrick, Pieter Gagnon, Sean Corcoran, and Wesley Cole. 2022. [_Retail Rate Projections for Long-Term Electricity System Models_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/78224.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-78224. Blair, Nate, Chad Augustine, Wesley Cole, Paul Denholm, Will Frazier, Madeline Geocaris, Jennie Jorgenson, Kevin McCabe, Kara Podkaminer, Ashreeta Prasanna, and Ben Sigrin. 2022. [_Storage Futures Study: Key Learnings for the Coming Decades_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/81779.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-82046. Gagnon, Pieter, and Wesley Cole. 2022. "[Planning for the evolution of the electric grid with a long-run marginal emission rate](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.103915)." _iScience_ Volume 23 (Issue 3). McCabe, Kevin, Ashreeta Prasanna, Jane Lockshin, Parangat Bhaskar, Thomas Bowen, Ruth Baranowski, Ben Sigrin, and Eric Lantz. [_Distributed Wind Energy Futures Study_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/82519.pdf). 2022. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-7A40-82519. ``` ```{dropdown-color} 2021 :animate: fade-in-slide-down Brinkman, Gregory, Dominique Bain, Grant Buster, Caroline Draxl, Paritosh Das, Jonathan Ho, Eduardo Ibanez, et al. 2021. [_The North American Renewable Integration Study: A Canadian Perspective_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/79225.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-79225. Brinkman, Gregory, Dominique Bain, Grant Buster, Caroline Draxl, Paritosh Das, Jonathan Ho, Eduardo Ibanez, et al. 2021. [_The North American Renewable Integration Study: A U.S. Perspective_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/79224.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-79224. Chernyakhovskiy, Ilya, Mohit Joshi, David Palchak, and Amy Rose. 2021. [_Energy Storage in South Asia: Understanding the Role of Grid-Connected Energy Storage in South Asia's Power Sector Transformation_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/79915.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-79915. Cohen, Stuart M., Gokul C. Iyer, Maxwell Brown, Jordan Macknick, Marshall Wise, Matthew Binsted, Nathalie Voisin, Jennie Rice, and Mohamad Hejazi. 2021. "[How Structural Differences Influence Cross-Model Consistency: An Electric Sector Case Study](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111009)." _Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews_ 144: 111009. Cole, Wesley, Nathaniel Gates, and Trieu Mai. 2021. "[Exploring the Cost Implications of Increased Renewable Energy for the U.S. Power System](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2021.106957)." _The Electricity Journal_ 34(5): 106957. Cole, Wesley J., Danny Greer, Paul Denholm, Will Frazier, Scott Machen, Trieu Mai, Nina Vincent, and Samuel F. Baldwin. 2021. "[Quantifying the Challenge of Reaching a 100% Renewable Energy Power System for the United States](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.011)." _Joule_ 5(70): 1732–1748. DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 2021. [_Solar Futures Study_](https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-09/Solar%20Futures%20Study.pdf). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. DOE/GO-102021-5621. Eurek, Kelly, Madeline Macmillan, and Wesley Cole. 2021. [_A Tutorial for Using an Open-Source Solver for the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model_](https://doi.org/10.2172/1788435). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/PR-6A20-77907. Eurek, Kelly, Caitlin Murphy, Wesley Cole, Will Frazier, Patrick Brown, and Anna Schleifer. 2021. [_Representing DC-Coupled PV+Battery Hybrids in a Capacity Expansion Model_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/77917.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5C00-77917. Frazier, A. Will , Wesley Cole, Paul Denholm, Scott Machen, Nathaniel Gates, and Nate Blair. 2021. [_Storage Futures Study: Economic Potential of Diurnal Storage in the U.S. Power Sector_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/77449.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-77449. Frew, Bethany. [_Emerging Trends in Power System Planning Models_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/75933.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/PR-6A20-75933. Ho, Jonathan, Jonathon Becker, Maxwell Brown, Patrick Brown, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, Stuart Cohen, Wesley Cole, et al. 2021. [_Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2020_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/78195.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-78195. Lantz, Eric, Garrett Barter, Patrick Gilman, David Keyser, Trieu Mai, Melinda Marquis, Matthew Mowers, et al. 2021. [_Power Sector, Supply Chain, Jobs, and Emissions Implications of 30 Gigawatts of Offshore Wind Power by 2030_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/80031.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5000-80031. Mai, Trieu, Anthony Lopez, Matthew Mowers, and Eric Lantz. 2021. "[Interactions in Wind Energy Project Siting, Wind Resource Potential, and the Evolution of the U.S. Power System](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.119998)." _Energy_ 223: 119998. Mai, Trieu, Wesley Cole, Nathaniel Gates, and Daniel Greer. 2021. "[The Prospective Impacts of 2019 State Energy Policies on the U.S. Electricity System](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112013)." _Energy Policy_ 149: 112013. Mai, Trieu, Matthew Mowers, and Kelly Eurek. 2021. [_Competitiveness Metrics for Electricity System Technologies_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/72549.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-72549. Mignone, Bryan K., Matthew Binsted, Maxwell Brown, Darek Imadi, Haewon McJeon, Matthew Mowers, Sharon Showalter, Daniel C. Steinberg, and Frances Wood 2021. "[Relative Cost-Effectiveness of Electricity and Transportation Policies as a Means to Reduce CO2 Emissions in the United States: A Multi-Model Assessment](https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.11.1.bmig)." _Economics of Energy and Environmental Policy_ 11(1). Murphy, Caitlin, Trieu Mai, Yinong Sun, Paige Jadun, Matteo Muratori, Brent Nelson, and Ryan Jones. 2021. [_Electrification Futures Study: Scenarios of Power System Evolution and Infrastructure Development for the United States_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/72330.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-72330. Novacheck, Josh, and Marty Schwarz. 2021. [_Evaluating the Grid Impact of Oregon Offshore Wind_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/81244.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A40-81244. Rose, Amy, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, David Palchak, Marty Schwarz, Sam Koebrich, and Mohit Joshi. 2021. [_Pathways for Tamil Nadu's Electric Power Sector: 2020–2030_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/78266.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-78266. Sergi, Brian, and Wesley Cole. [_Operating Reserves in ReEDS_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/81706.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/PR-6A40-81706. ``` ```{dropdown-color} 2020 :animate: fade-in-slide-down Bistline, John, Wesley Cole, Giovanni Damato, Joseph DeCarolis, Will Frazier, Vikram Linga, Cara Marcy, et al. 2020. "[Energy Storage in Long-Term System Models: A Review of Considerations, Best Practices, and Research Needs](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2516-1083/ab9894)." _Progress in Energy_ 2(3): 032001. Bistline, John E.T., Maxwell Brown, Sauleh A. Siddiqui, Kathleen Vaillancourt. 2020. "[Electric Sector Impacts of Renewable Policy Coordination: A Multi-Model Study of the North American Energy System](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111707)." _Energy Policy_ 145 (October): 111707. Brown, Maxwell, Wesley Cole, Kelly Eurek, Jon Becker, David Bielen, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, Stuart Cohen, et al. 2020. [_Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2019_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/74111.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-74111. Cole, Wesley, Sean Corcoran, Nathaniel Gates, Trieu Mai, and Paritosh Das. 2020. [_2020 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/77442.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-77442. Cole, Wesley, Daniel Greer, Jonathan Ho, and Robert Margolis. 2020. "[Considerations for Maintaining Resource Adequacy of Electricity Systems with High Penetrations of PV and Storage](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115795)." _Applied Energy_ 279: 115795. Denholm, Paul, Jacob Nunemaker, Pieter Gagnon, Wesley J. Cole. 2020. "[The Potential for Battery Energy Storage to Provide Peaking Capacity in the United States](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.117)." _Renewable Energy_ 151 (May): 1269–1277. Diaz, Paul, Ryan King, Devon Sigler, Wesley Cole, and Wesley Jones. 2020. [_Uncertainty Quantification for Capacity Expansion Planning_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/76708.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-2C00-76708. Frazier, A. Will, Wesley J. Cole, Paul Denholm, Daniel Greer, Pieter Gagnon. 2020. "[Assessing the Potential of Battery Storage as a Peaking Capacity Resource in the United States](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115385)." _Applied Energy_ 275 (October): 115385. Gagnon, Pieter, Will Frazier, Elaine Hale, and Wesley Cole. 2020. [_Cambium Documentation: Version 2020_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/78239.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-78239. Murphy, Caitlin, Eliza Hotchkiss, Kate Anderson, Clayton Barrows, Stuart Cohen, Sourabh Dalvi, Nick Laws, et al. 2020. [_Adapting Existing Energy Planning, Simulation, and Operational Models for Resilience Analysis_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/74241.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-74241. Murphy, Caitlin, Trieu Mai, Yinong Sun, Paige Jadun, Paul Donohoo-Vallett, Matteo Muratori, Ryan Jones, and Brent Nelson. 2020. "[High Electrification Futures: Impacts to the Bulk Power System](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2020.106878)." _The Electricity Journal_ 33(10): 106878. Rose, Amy, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, David Palchak, Sam Koebrich, and Mohit Joshi. 2020. [_Least-Cost Pathways for India's Electric Power Sector_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/76153.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-76153. Siddiqui, Sauleh, Kathleen Vaillancourt, Olivier Bahn, Nadejda Victor, Christopher Nichols, Charalampos Avraam, Maxwell Brown. 2020. "I[ntegrated North American Energy Markets Under Different Futures of Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111658)." _Energy Policy_ 144 (September): 111658. Steinberg, Daniel C., Bryan K. Mignone, Jordan Macknick, Yinong Sun, Kelly Eurek, Andrew Badger, Ben Livneh, and Kristen Averyt. 2020. "[Decomposing Supply-Side and Demand-Side Impacts of Climate Change on the US Electricity System through 2050](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02506-6)." _Climatic Change_ 158: 125–139. Sun, Yinong, Paige Jadun, Brent Nelson, Matteo Muratori, Caitlin Murphy, Jeffrey Logan, and Trieu Mai. 2020. [_Electrification Futures Study: Methodological Approaches for Assessing Long-Term Power System Impacts of End-Use Electrification_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/73336.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-73336. ``` ```{dropdown-color} 2019 :animate: fade-in-slide-down Augustine, Chad R., Jonathan L. Ho, and Nathan J. Blair. 2019. [_GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Electric Sector Potential to Penetration_](https://doi.org/10.2172/1524768). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-71833. Cohen, Stuart M., Jonathon Becker, David A. Bielen, Maxwell Brown, Wesley J. Cole, Kelly P. Eurek, Allister Frazier, et al. 2019. [_Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2018_](https://doi.org/10.2172/1505935). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-72023. Cole, Wesley, Nathaniel Gates, Trieu Mai, Daniel Greer, and Paritosh Das. 2019. [_2019 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/74110.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-TP-6A20-74110. Cole, Wesley J., and Nina M. Vincent. 2019. [_Historical Comparison of Capacity Build Decisions from the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model_](https://doi.org/10.2172/1505552). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-71916. Frazier, A. Will, Cara Marcy, and Wesley J. Cole. 2019. "[Wind and Solar PV Deployment after Tax Credits Expire: A View from the Standard Scenarios and the Annual Energy Outlook](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2019.106637)." _The Electricity Journal_ 32 (8): 106637. Frew, Bethany, Wesley J. Cole, Paul Denholm, A. Will Frazier, Nina Vincent, Robert Margolis. 2019. "[Sunny with a Chance of Curtailment: Operating the U.S. Grid with Very High Levels of Solar Photovoltaics](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.017)." _iScience_ 21 (November): 436–447. Iyer, G. C., M. Brown, S. M. Cohen, J. Macknick, P. Patel, M. Wise, M. Binsted, and N. Voisin. 2019. "[Improving Consistency among Models of Overlapping Scope in Multi-Sector Studies: The Case of Electricity Capacity Expansion Scenarios](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109416)." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 116 (December): 109416. Mai, Trieu, Wesley J. Cole, and Andrew Reimers. 2019. "[Setting Cost Targets for Zero-Emission Electricity Generation Technologies](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.001)." _Applied Energy_ 250 (September): 582–592. Miara, Ariel, Stuart M. Cohen, Jordan Macknick, Charles J. Vörösmarty, Fabio Corsi, Yinong Sun, Vincent C. Tidwell, et al. 2019. "[Climate-Water Adaptation for Future U.S. Electricity Infrastructure](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03037)." _Environmental Science & Technology_ 53 (23): 14029-14040. Murphy, Caitlin, Yinong Sun, Wesley Cole, Galen Maclaurin, Craig Turchi, and Mark Mehos. 2019. [_The Potential Role of Concentrating Solar Power within the Context of DOE's 2030 Solar Cost Target_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/71912.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-71912. Reimers, Andrew, Wesley Cole, and Bethany Frew. 2019. "[The Impact of Planning Reserve Margins in Long-Term Planning Models of the Electricity Sector](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.025)." _Energy Policy_ 125 (February): 1–8. ``` ```{dropdown-color} 2018 :animate: fade-in-slide-down Basore, Paul A., and Wesley J. Cole. 2018. "[Comparing Supply and Demand Models for Future Photovoltaic Power Generation in the USA](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pip.2997)." _Progress in Photovoltaics_ 26(6): 414–418. Caron, Justin, Stuart M. Cohen, Maxwell Brown, and John M. Reilly. 2018. "[Exploring the Impacts of a National U.S. CO2 Tax and Revenue Recycling Options with a Coupled Electricity-Economy Model](https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2010007818400158)." _Climate Change Economics_ 9(1): 1840015-1–40. Cohen, Stuart M., and Justin Caron. 2018. "[The Economic Impacts of High Wind Penetration Scenarios in the United States](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988318304250)." _Energy Economics_ 76 (October): 558–73. Cole, Wesley, Kelly Eurek, Nina Vincent, Trieu Mai, Matt Mowers, and Greg Brinkman. 2018. [_Operating Reserves in Long-term Planning Models_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/71148.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/PR-6A20-71148. Cole, Wesley, and A. Will Frazier. 2018. "[Impacts of Increasing Penetration of Renewable Energy on the Operation of the Power Sector](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2018.11.009)." _The Electricity Journal_, Special Issue: Energy Policy Institute's Eighth Annual Energy Policy Research Conference, 31 (10): 24–31. Cole, Wesley, Will Frazier, Paul Donohoo-Vallett, Trieu Mai, and Paritosh Das. 2018. [_2018 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/71913.pdf). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-71913. Cole, Wesley, Bethany Frew, Pieter Gagnon, Andrew Reimers, Jarett Zuboy, and Robert Margolis, 2018. "[Envisioning a Low-Cost Solar Future: Exploring the Potential Impact of Achieving the SunShot 2030 Targets for Photovoltaics](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544218307898)." _Energy_ 155(15):690–704. Frew, Bethany, Wesley Cole, Nina Vincent, Andrew Reimers, and Robert Margolis. 2018. "[_Impact of Dynamic Storage Capacity Valuation in Capacity Expansion Models: Preprint_](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/71462.pdf)." Presented at the 2018 International Energy Workshop Gothenburg, Sweden June 19-21, 2018. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/CP-6A20-71462. Hodson, Elke L., Maxwell Brown, Stuart Cohen, Sharon Showalter, Marshall Wise, Frances Wood, Justin Carone, et al. "[U.S. Energy Sector Impacts of Technology Innovation, Fuel Price, and Electric Sector CO2 Policy: Results from the EMF 32 Model Intercomparison Study](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988318301087)." _Energy Economics_ 73: 352–370. Jones-Albertus, Rebecca, Wesley Cole, Paul Denholm, David Feldman, Michael Woodhouse, and Robert Margolis. 2018. "[Solar on the Rise: How Cost Declines and Grid Integration Shape Solar's Growth Potential in the United States](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mrs-energy-and-sustainability/article/solar-on-the-rise-how-cost-declines-and-grid-integration-shape-solars-growth-potential-in-the-united-states/9881673A13F2A13B602C8B3C03D00155)." _MRS Energy & Sustainability_ 5(E4). Mai, Trieu. John Bistline, Yinong Sun, Wesley Cole, Cara Marcy, Chris Namovicz, and David Young. 2018. "[The Role of Input Assumptions and Model Structures in Projections of Variable Renewable Energy: A Multi-Model Perspective of the U.S. Electricity System](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988318304213)." _Energy Economics_ 76: 313-324. Mai, Trieu, Daniel Steinberg, Jeffrey Logan, David Bielen, Kelly Eurek, and Colin McMillan. 2018. "[An Electrified Future for the U.S. Energy and Electricity Systems: Initial Scenarios and Future Research](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8386915)." _IEEE Power & Energy Magazine_. July/August: 34-47. Sun, Yinong, Wesley Cole, and Venkat Krishnan. 2018. "[Comparing Power Flow Approximations for Electricity Infrastructure Capacity Expansion Models with High Spatial Resolution](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8440480)." 2018 _IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)_. Zhou, Ella, Wesley Cole, and Bethany Frew. 2018. "Valuing Variable Renewable Energy for Peak Demand Requirements." Energy 165(2018): 499-511. ``` ```{dropdown-color} 2017 and Earlier :animate: fade-in-slide-down [Publications from 2003 - 2017](https://www.nrel.gov/docs/libraries/analysis/reeds-pub-archive.pdf?sfvrsn=88aee225_2) ```