The REoptInputs structure

The REoptInputs structure uses the Scenario to build all of the data necessary to construct the JuMP mathematical model.

REoptInputs

REoptInputs

struct REoptInputs <: AbstractInputs
    s::ScenarioType
    techs::Techs
    min_sizes::Dict{String, <:Real}  # (techs)
    max_sizes::Dict{String, <:Real}  # (techs)
    existing_sizes::Dict{String, <:Real}  # (techs)
    cap_cost_slope::Dict{String, Any}  # (techs)
    om_cost_per_kw::Dict{String, <:Real}  # (techs)
    thermal_cop::Dict{String, <:Real}  # (techs.absorption_chiller)
    time_steps::UnitRange
    time_steps_with_grid::Array{Int, 1}
    time_steps_without_grid::Array{Int, 1}
    hours_per_time_step::Real
    months::UnitRange
    production_factor::DenseAxisArray{<:Real, 2}  # (techs, time_steps)
    levelization_factor::Dict{String, <:Real,}  # (techs)
    value_of_lost_load_per_kwh::Array{<:Real, 1}
    pwf_e::Real
    pwf_om::Real
    pwf_fuel::Dict{String, <:Real}
    pwf_emissions_cost::Dict{String, Float64} # Cost of emissions present worth factors for grid and onsite fuelburn emissions [unitless]
    pwf_grid_emissions::Dict{String, Float64} # Emissions [lbs] present worth factors for grid emissions [unitless]
    pwf_offtaker::Real 
    pwf_owner::Real
    third_party_factor::Real
    pvlocations::Array{Symbol, 1}
    maxsize_pv_locations::DenseAxisArray{<:Real, 1}  # indexed on pvlocations
    pv_to_location::Dict{String, Dict{Symbol, Int64}}  # (techs.pv, pvlocations)
    ratchets::UnitRange
    techs_by_exportbin::Dict{Symbol, AbstractArray}  # keys can include [:NEM, :WHL, :CUR]
    export_bins_by_tech::Dict
    n_segs_by_tech::Dict{String, Int}
    seg_min_size::Dict{String, Dict{Int, <:Real}}
    seg_max_size::Dict{String, Dict{Int, <:Real}}
    seg_yint::Dict{String, Dict{Int, <:Real}}
    pbi_pwf::Dict{String, Any}  # (pbi_techs)
    pbi_max_benefit::Dict{String, Any}  # (pbi_techs)
    pbi_max_kw::Dict{String, Any}  # (pbi_techs)
    pbi_benefit_per_kwh::Dict{String, Any}  # (pbi_techs)
    boiler_efficiency::Dict{String, <:Real}
    fuel_cost_per_kwh::Dict{String, AbstractArray}  # Fuel cost array for all time_steps
    ghp_options::UnitRange{Int64}  # Range of the number of GHP options
    require_ghp_purchase::Int64  # 0/1 binary if GHP purchase is forced/required
    ghp_heating_thermal_load_served_kw::Array{Float64,2}  # Array of heating load (thermal!) profiles served by GHP
    ghp_cooling_thermal_load_served_kw::Array{Float64,2}  # Array of cooling load profiles served by GHP
    space_heating_thermal_load_reduction_with_ghp_kw::Array{Float64,2}  # Array of heating load reduction (thermal!) profile from GHP retrofit
    cooling_thermal_load_reduction_with_ghp_kw::Array{Float64,2}  # Array of cooling load reduction (thermal!) profile from GHP retrofit
    ghp_electric_consumption_kw::Array{Float64,2}  # Array of electric load profiles consumed by GHP
    ghp_installed_cost::Array{Float64,1}  # Array of installed cost for GHP options
    ghp_om_cost_year_one::Array{Float64,1}  # Array of O&M cost for GHP options    
    tech_renewable_energy_fraction::Dict{String, <:Real} # (techs)
    tech_emissions_factors_CO2::Dict{String, <:Real} # (techs)
    tech_emissions_factors_NOx::Dict{String, <:Real} # (techs)
    tech_emissions_factors_SO2::Dict{String, <:Real} # (techs)
    tech_emissions_factors_PM25::Dict{String, <:Real} # (techs)
    techs_operating_reserve_req_fraction::Dict{String, <:Real} # (techs.all)
    heating_cop::Dict{String, Array{<:Real, 1}} # (techs.ashp)
    cooling_cop::Dict{String, Array{<:Real, 1}} # (techs.ashp)
    heating_cf::Dict{String, Array{<:Real, 1}} # (techs.ashp)
    cooling_cf::Dict{String, Array{<:Real, 1}} # (techs.ashp)
    heating_loads_kw::Dict{String, <:Real} # (heating_loads)
    unavailability::Dict{String, Array{Float64,1}}  # Dict by tech of unavailability profile
end

REoptInputs(fp::String)

function REoptInputs(fp::String)
    s = Scenario(JSON.parsefile(fp))
    REoptInputs(s)
end

REoptInputs(s::AbstractScenario)

Design Concepts for REoptInputs

At a high level the REoptInputs constructor does the following tasks:

• build index sets for the JuMP model decision variables,
• create maps from one set to another set,
• and generate coefficient arrays necessary for model constraints.

Index Sets

There are a few String[] that are built by REoptInputs that are then used as index sets in the model constraints. The primary index set is the techs.all array of strings, which contains all the technolgy names that are being modeled. With the techs.all array we can easily apply a constraint over all technolgies. For example:

@constraint(m, [t in p.techs.all],
    m[Symbol("dvSize"*_n)][t] <= p.max_sizes[t]
)

where p is the REoptInputs struct. There are a couple things to note from this last example:

1. The decision variable dvSize is accessed in the JuMP.Model m using the Symbol notation so that this constraint can be used in the multi-node case in addition to the single node case. The _n input value is an empty string by default and in the case of a multi-node model the _n string will be set by the Site.node integer. For example, if Site.node is 3 then _n is "_3".
2. The p.max_sizes array is also indexed on p.techs.all. The max_sizes is built in the REoptInputs constructor by using all the technologies in the Scenario that have max_kw values greater than zero.

Besides the techs.all array the are many sub-sets, such as techs.pv, techs.gen, techs.elec, p.techs.segmented, techs.no_curtail, that allow us to apply constraints to those sets. For example:

for t in p.techs.no_curtail
    for ts in p.time_steps
        fix(m[Symbol("dvCurtail"*_n)][t, ts] , 0.0, force=true)
    end
end

Set maps

The set maps are best explained with an example. The techs_by_exportbin map uses each technology'sattributes (eg. PV) to map each technology to which export bins that technology can access. The export bins include:

1. :NEM (Net Energy Metering)
2. :WHL (Wholesale)
3. :EXC (Excess, beyond NEM))

The bins that a technology can access are determined by the technologies attributes can_net_meter, can_wholesale, and can_export_beyond_nem_limit. So if PV.can_net_meter = true, Wind.can_net_meter = true and all the other attributes are false then the techs_by_exportbin will only have one non-empty key:

techs_by_exportbin = Dict(
    :NEM => ["PV", "Wind"],
    :WHL => [],
    :EXC => []
)

A use-case example for the techs_by_exportbin map is defining the net metering benefit:

NEM_benefit = @expression(m, p.pwf_e * p.hours_per_time_step *
    sum( sum(p.s.electric_tariff.export_rates[:NEM][ts] * m[Symbol("dvProductionToGrid"*_n)][t, :NEM, ts] 
        for t in p.techs_by_exportbin[:NEM]) for ts in p.time_steps)
)

Other set maps include: export_bins_by_tech and n_segs_by_tech. The latter tells how many cost curve segments each technology has.

Coefficient Arrays

The JuMP model costs are formulated in net present value terms, accounting for all benefits (production, capacity, and investment incentives) and the total cost over the analysis_period. The REoptInputs constructor translates the raw input parameters, such as the operations and maintenance costs, into present value terms using the provided discount rate. For example, the pwf_e is the present worth factor for electricity that accounts for the elec_cost_escalation_rate_fraction, the analysis_period, and the offtaker_discount_rate_fraction. Note that tax benefits are applied directly in the JuMP model for clarity on which costs are tax-deductible and which are not.

Besides econimic parameters, the REoptInputs constructor also puts together the important production_factor array. The production_factor array is simple for continuously variable generators (such as the Generator), for which the production_factor is 1 in all time steps. However, for variable generators (such as Wind and PV) the production_factor varies by time step. If the user does not provide the PV production factor, for example, then the REoptInputs constructor uses the PVWatts API to download the location specific PV production factor. REoptInputs also accounts for the PV.degradation_fraction in building the production_factor array.